【提问】演绎推理题
<P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">由于实行财政收入包干体制，自</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1980</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">年以来，地方政府每年上缴中央不到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">％，也就是说</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">90</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">％以上的新增收入都给了地方政府，因而导致了中央财政收入占全国财政收入的比重逐年下降，致使中央失去实施财政宏观调控的必要能力。可见（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">）。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR>A. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">现行的财政体制使中央和地方上出现了矛盾</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR>B. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">现行的财政体制促进了地方发展经济的积极性</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR>C. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">现行的财政收入包干体制不合理</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR>D. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">现行的财政收入体制制约了中央财政收入的增长，削弱了中央财政的宏观调控能力</SPAN></P><P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"></SPAN> </P>
<P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"></SPAN> </P>
<P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">来跟大家讨论一下，这道题的标准答案是D，但是我个人认为D的答案不够准确，即使地方政府每年上缴中央财政不到10%的财政收入，但是如果全国各地财政收入都有所提高的话，那中央财政收入仍然会出现增长，而不像D选项中说的制约中央财政收入的增长，相对来说，C不是比D要更合适一些么？</SPAN></P>
<P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">有兴趣的来讨论一下</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></P>
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<P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: fuchsia; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"></SPAN> </P> 你的解题思路就错了！演绎推理，只是根据题干中的逻辑关系进行推理！所谓演绎推理，就是运用逻辑规则进行的必然性推理（从前提必然的推出结论），而财政收入的增长会不会使得地方财政和中央财政同步增长，不再考虑之列！
[ 本帖最后由 汲湘 于 2008-9-12 19:06 编辑 ] 感觉此题的落脚点在题干的最后一句话，前面只是陈述一种现象，题干的最后一句话才是前面现象导致的结果，所以D正确，C项不够完整。 :lol :lol 二楼分析的很正确。。。演绎推理千万别联系现实。。就题论题就行了。。
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